Bitrus Patience Yankat & Dr Grace Onyowo Ugboha
Abstract
Depression is a pervasive mental health disorder affecting millions worldwide, causing significant distress, impairment, and economic burden. It is a complex mental health disorder influenced by a multifaceted array of determinants, including biological, psychological, social and environmental factors. Despite its prevalence, depression’s complex determinants remain poorly understood, hindering the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies. This paper aims to explore the key determinant of depression, including genetic predisposition, neurotransmitter unbalance, and stressful life events; the article also explores social support and coping mechanisms for depression. Specifically, effective coping strategies and the implications of these findings for counselling practice are discussed, highlighting the importance of personalized and holistic approaches to treatment. By understanding the interplay between depression determinants and coping strategies, counsellors can develop targeted interventions that promote resilience, improve mental health outcome and enhance overall well-being. The paper recommends that individuals should adopt healthy lifestyles like regular exercise, maintain a balanced diet, and prioritize sleep. The society should provide social support systems and resources to help individuals cope with stress and depression. Counsellors should assess clients’ coping styles and self-efficacy to identify depression risk and tailor interventions accordingly.